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摘要
转录终止是调节基因转录过程的重要步骤, 关系到基因表达调控过程的正常进行和基因组的稳定性. 酵母体系中, Sen1是一种解旋酶, 通过水解腺苷三磷酸(adenosine triphosphate, ATP)获得能量来行使在核酸底物上的一维运动, 进而实现转录终止功能. 然而, Sen1的这种运动机制与转录终止功能的关联, 目前尚未清晰的表征. 本文应用凝胶电泳迁移方法表征Sen1解旋双链DNA和结合单链DNA的能力, 并且发现单个Sen1分子能够结合≤ 24 nt (nucleotide, nt)的单链DNA; 进一步, 在提供ATP的条件下, 应用单分子荧光共振能量转移技术表征了Sen1在单链DNA上的行走功能, 其行走速率随ATP浓度变化而变化, 符合经典米氏动力学模型; 考虑单链DNA底物的长度, 可以估算出Sen1的行走速率约为70 nt/s. 这些研究结果定量表征了Sen1的行走速率, 为理解真核转录终止机制提供了分子马达运动方面的实验数据.-
关键词:
- Sen1解旋酶 /
- 行走 /
- 单分子荧光共振能量转移 /
- 转录终止
Abstract
Transcription termination is a critical step for gene regulation and genome integrity among all kingdoms of life. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, one of the major termination pathways is accomplished by Sen1 helicase, a homolog to human Senataxin (SETX), defection of which raises the diseases for the central nervus system of human. Although it has been proposed that Sen1 translocates along nucleic acids by consuming adenosine triphosphates (ATPs) during termination, the mechanism for this translocation activity of Sen1 has not been well understood. In this work, our aim is to investigate the mechanism of Sen1 translocation by measuring the interactions between Sen1 and different types of nucleic acids by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) assay or single-molecule Fӧrster resonance energy transfer (FRET) assay. We firstly observe the unwinding activity of Sen1 on a tailed duplex DNA in the presence of 1 mM ATP via PAGE assay, where the translocation activity of Sen1 is involved. As the binding activity is crucial for translocation, then we examine the binding affinity of Sen1 to the single-stranded DNA via PAGE assay, revealing a stable binding of Sen1 with an occupied length of nucleic acids of less than 24 nt. In the presence of 1 µM ATP, we observe that Sen1 dynamically binds to and dissociates from the tailed duplex DNA in the single-molecule FRET assay. By titrating ATP concentrations from 1–500 µM, we observe a gradual decrease in the mean durations of Sen1 binding, suggesting an ATP-dependent binding affinity of Sen1 to single-stranded DNA. We then fit these mean durations to the classical Michaelis-Menten model and obtain a minimum binding duration of (0.18 ± 0.01) s at saturating ATP concentrations and Km of (13.1 ± 0.1) µM for the ATP-dependent binding of Sen1. This result is consistent with that from a translocation activity of Sen1. Taking into account the translocation length of the half of the single-stranded tail, i.e. 13 nt, a mean rate of 70 nt/s is estimated. Reversing the translocation direction, we observe an increase in the duration of Sen1 binding to the single-stranded tail, which suggests an impediment of DNA duplex in front of Sen1 translocation or the possible duplex DNA unwinding activity of Sen1. Our quantitative measurements on Sen1 translocation are helpful in deepening our understanding of the mechanism of eukaryotic transcription termination by Sen1.-
Keywords:
- Sen1 helicase /
- translocation /
- single-molecule Fӧrster resonance energy transfer /
- transcription termination
作者及机构信息
Authors and contacts
文章全文 : translate this paragraph
参考文献
[1] Roeder R G 2019 Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. 26 783 Google Scholar
[2] Jonkers I, Lis J T 2015 Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell. Biol. 16 167 Google Scholar
[3] Abbondanzieri E A, Greenleaf W J, Shaevitz J W, Landick R, Block S M 2005 Nature 438 460 Google Scholar
[4] You L, Omollo E O, Yu C, Mooney R A, Shi J, Shen L, Wu X, Wen A, He D, Zeng Y, Feng Y, Landick R, Zhang Y 2023 Nature 613 783 Google Scholar
[5] Molodtsov V, Wang C, Firlar E, Kaelber J T, Ebright R H 2023 Nature 614 367 Google Scholar
[6] West S, Gromak N, Proudfoot N J 2004 Nature 432 522 Google Scholar
[7] Porrua O, Libri D 2013 Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. 20 884 Google Scholar
[8] Wang S, Han Z, Libri D, Porrua O, Strick T R 2019 Nat. Commun. 10 1545 Google Scholar
[9] Vasiljeva L, Kim M, Mutschler H, Buratowski S, Meinhart A 2008 Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. 15 795 Google Scholar
[10] Arndt K M, Reines D 2015 Annu. Rev. Biochem. 84 381 Google Scholar
[11] Rondón A G, Mischo H E, Kawauchi J, Proudfoot N J 2009 Mol. Cell. 36 88 Google Scholar
[12] Jia X, Li Y, Wang T, Bi L, Guo L, Chen Z, Zhang X, Ye S, Chen J, Yang B, Sun B 2023 Embo. J. 42 e111703 Google Scholar
[13] Saper G, Hess H 2020 Chem. Rev. 120 288 Google Scholar
[14] Nishizaka T 2010 Adv. Biochem. Eng. Biotechnol. 119 3 Google Scholar
[15] Martin-Tumasz S, Brow D A 2015 J. Biol. Chem. 290 22880 Google Scholar
[16] Han Z, Libri D, Porrua O 2017 Nucleic. Acids. Res. 45 1355 Google Scholar
[17] Skourti-Stathaki K, Proudfoot N J, Gromak N 2011 Mol. Cell. 42 794 Google Scholar
[18] Ha T, Enderle T, Ogletree D F, Chemla D S, Selvin P R, Weiss S 1996 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93 6264 Google Scholar
[19] Maki A H, Co T 1976 Biochemistry 15 1229 Google Scholar
[20] Leonaitė B, Han Z, Basquin J, Bonneau F, Libri D, Porrua O, Conti E 2017 Embo. J. 36 1590 Google Scholar
[21] Shi J, Wang F, Li F, Wang L, Xiong Y, Wen A, Jin Y, Jin S, Gao F, Feng Z, Li J, Zhang Y, Shang Z, Wang S, Feng Y, Lin W 2022 Nucleic. Acids. Res. 50 5974 Google Scholar
[22] Fiorini F, Bagchi D, Le Hir H, Croquette V 2015 Nat. Commun. 6 7581 Google Scholar
[23] Chakrabarti S, Jayachandran U, Bonneau F, Fiorini F, Basquin C, Domcke S, Le Hir H, Conti E 2011 Mol. Cell. 41 693 Google Scholar
[24] Hazelbaker D Z, Marquardt S, Wlotzka W, Buratowski S 2013 Mol. Cell. 49 55 Google Scholar
施引文献
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图 1 聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳表征Sen1 HD解旋双链DNA活性 (a) Sen1解旋酶蛋白结构域模式图. (b) 实验方法示意图, Sen1 HD作用于5'-50ss-20duplex底物, 通过水解ATP获得能量来解开20-nt FAM ssDNA. (c) 对FAM荧光成像结果1道为20-nt FAM ssDNA的条带位置; 2道为5'-50ss-20duplex的条带位置; 3道为5'-50ss-20duplex与20-nt竞争ssDNA 30 ℃孵育20 min的结果, 无20-nt FAM ssDNA产生; 4道为5'-50ss-20duplex、20-nt竞争ssDNA和Sen1 HD 30 ℃孵育20 min的结果, 无20-nt FAM ssDNA产生; 5道为5'-50ss-20duplex, 20-nt竞争ssDNA, Sen1 HD, ATP条件下, 30 ℃孵育20 min的结果, 产生20-nt FAM ssDNA
Fig. 1. Characterization of Sen1 HD unwinding activity on double-stranded DNA via PAGE assay. (a) Domain pattern of Sen1. (b) Schematic of PAGE assay, Sen1 HD acts on the 5'-50ss-20duplex substrate to unwind the 20-nt FAM ssDNA by hydrolyzing ATP. (c) Fluorescence imaging of PAGE result: the first lane represents the band position of 20-nt FAM ssDNA; the second lane represents the band position of 5'-50ss-20duplex; the third lane represented 5'-50ss-20duplex with 20-nt competed ssDNA incubated at 30 ℃ for 20 min, but no 20-nt FAM ssDNA was produced; the fourth lane represented 5'-50ss-20duplex with 20-nt competed ssDNA and Sen1 HD incubated at 30 ℃ for 20 min, but no 20-nt FAM ssDNA was produced; the fifth lane, 20-nt FAM ssDNA was produced after incubation for 20 min at 30 ℃ under the condition of 5'-50ss-20duplex, 20-nt competed ssDNA, Sen1 HD and ATP.
图 2 Sen1 HD与Cy3-48ssDNA结合的PAGE实验 (a) Sen1 HD与Cy3-48ssDNA结合示意图. (b) Cy3荧光成像结果. 第1道为Cy3-48ssDNA原始长度; 第2道为5 nM Sen1 HD与Cy3-48ssDNA 30 ℃孵育30 min的结果; 第3道为25 nM Sen1 HD与Cy3-48ssDNA 30 ℃孵育30 min的结果; 第4道为50 nM Sen1 HD与Cy3-48ssDNA 30 ℃孵育30 min的结果
Fig. 2. Sen1 HD binding activity to Cy3-48ssDNA characterized via PAGE assay. (a) Schematic of Sen1 HD binding to Cy3-48ssDNA. (b) Fluorescence imaging of Cy3 fluorophore: the first lane represents the original length of Cy3-48ssDNA; the second lane represents the result of 5 nM Sen1 HD incubation with Cy3-48ssDNA at 30 ℃ for 30 min; the third lane represents the result of 25 nM Sen1 HD incubation with Cy3-48ssDNA at 30 ℃ for 30 minutes; the fourth lane represents the result of 50 nM Sen1 HD incubation with Cy3-48ssDNA at 30 ℃ for 30 min.
图 3 单分子FRET方法表征Sen1 HD-SNAP649在5'-26ss-34duplex上的行走功能(1 µM ATP条件下) (a) 单分子FRET方法示意图, 在5'-26ss-34duplex结构中, 岔口5'端标有Cy3荧光, Sen1 HD上标有SNAP649荧光; (b) Sen1 HD-SNAP649行走的典型曲线; (c) FRET持续时间的分布图
Fig. 3. Sen1 HD-SNAP649 translocation activity on 5'-26ss-34duplex characterized via single-molecule FRET assay under 1 μM ATP condition: (a) Schematic for the assay, in the 5'-26ss-34duplex construct, the 5' end of the fork is labeled with Cy3, and Sen1 HD is labeled with SNAP649; (b) a typical trajectory representing Sen1 HD-SNAP649 translocation on DNA substrate; (c) distribution of the FRET dwell times corresponding to Sen1 HD-SNAP649 translocation.
图 4 Sen1 HD-SNAP649行走功能的米氏动力学分析
Fig. 4. Translocation activity of Sen1 HD-SNAP649 analyzed via the classical Michaelis-Menten model.
图 5 单分子FRET方法表征Sen1 HD-SNAP649在3'-26ss-34duplex上的行走(1 µM ATP条件) (a) 实验示意图, 在3'-26ss-34duplex结构中, 岔口3' 端标有Cy3荧光, Sen1 HD上标有SNAP649荧光; (b) Sen1 HD-SNAP649行走的典型曲线; (c) FRET持续时间的分布图
Fig. 5. Translocation activity of Sen1 HD-SNAP649 on 3'-26ss-34duplex characterized via single-molecule FRET assay under 1 μM ATP condition: (a) Schematic of the assay, and in the construct of 3'-26ss-34duplex, the 3' end of the fork is labeled with Cy3, and Sen1 HD is labeled with SNAP649; (b) a typical trajectory representing Sen1 HD-SNAP649 translocation; (c) histogram of the FRET dwell times for Sen1 HD-SNAP649 translocation.
表 1 DNA底物序列信息及其应用
Table 1. DNA sequences and their applications.
DNA底物名称 DNA序列(5'-3') 应用 5'-50ss-20duplex 20-nt FAM ssDNA: GTT GGG TAA CGC CAG GGA CG-3'FAM70-nt ssDNA: ATT ACG GAT TCA CTG GCC GTC GTT TTA CAA CGT CGT GAC TGG GAA AAA CGC GTC CCT GGC GTT ACC CAA C DNA退火后形成具有50 nt单链结合位点的20 bp 双链DNA底物, 用于表征Sen1 HD解旋活性 Cy3-48ssDNA AGC TGG ATA CTT ACA GCC ATG GCT GCT GCG AAT ACT CCA TTC CAT CCC 用于验证Sen1 HD与单链DNA的结合能力 5'-26ss-34duplex 5'bio-60ssDNA: 5'Biotin-GCC AGG AGG CTA GCA ACA GTC TTC ATT CAA CCG ACG TCA CAA TAG TGA GTA CCA ATA CCT5'Cy3-34ssDNA: 5'Cy3-TCG GTT GAA TGA AGA CTG TTG CTA GCC TCC TGG C DNA退火后形成具有26 nt 单链结合位点沿5'-3'方向远离DNA岔口的34 bp双链DNA底物, 用于表征Sen1 HD-SNAP649在单链DNA上的行走功能 3'-26ss-34duplex 3'bio-60ssDNA: TCC ATA ACC ATG AGT GAT AAC ACT GCA GCC AAC TTA CTT CTG ACA ACG ATC GGA GGA CCG-3'Biotin3'Cy3-34ssDNA: CGG TCC TCC GAT CGT TGT CAG AAG TAA GTT GGC T-3'Cy3 DNA退火后形成26 nt 单链结合位点沿5'-3'方向靠近DNA岔口的34 bp双链DNA底物, 用于表征Sen1 HD-SNAP649在单链DNA上的行走方向 天下网标王保定网站优化公司网站内容优化方案武安网站seo优化排名武汉网站seo优化推广手机端网站如何优化百度经验网站排名优化丶金苹果专业讠中山百度搜索网站优化网站10万条数据优化仙桃外包网站优化哪家好网站的优化靠谱seo网站优化算科技类领域么如何优化青岛网站北京网站优化搭建做网站优化必须知道的名词含义网站排名优化中心舟山专业网站优化网站访问高峰 如何优化外贸网站管理优化上海网站搜索优化网站优化托管网站快速优化哪家规模大童装网站关键词优化兰州网站权重优化哪家好重福州网站优化必看海口seo优化网站娄底网站优化如何昆明网站快照优化网站优化排名软件哪些最好顺义优化网站方法澄江网站优化平台香港通过《维护国家安全条例》两大学生合买彩票中奖一人不认账让美丽中国“从细节出发”19岁小伙救下5人后溺亡 多方发声卫健委通报少年有偿捐血浆16次猝死汪小菲曝离婚始末何赛飞追着代拍打雅江山火三名扑火人员牺牲系谣言男子被猫抓伤后确诊“猫抓病”周杰伦一审败诉网易中国拥有亿元资产的家庭达13.3万户315晚会后胖东来又人满为患了高校汽车撞人致3死16伤 司机系学生张家界的山上“长”满了韩国人?张立群任西安交通大学校长手机成瘾是影响睡眠质量重要因素网友洛杉矶偶遇贾玲“重生之我在北大当嫡校长”单亲妈妈陷入热恋 14岁儿子报警倪萍分享减重40斤方法杨倩无缘巴黎奥运考生莫言也上北大硕士复试名单了许家印被限制高消费奥巴马现身唐宁街 黑色着装引猜测专访95后高颜值猪保姆男孩8年未见母亲被告知被遗忘七年后宇文玥被薅头发捞上岸郑州一火锅店爆改成麻辣烫店西双版纳热带植物园回应蜉蝣大爆发沉迷短剧的人就像掉进了杀猪盘当地回应沈阳致3死车祸车主疑毒驾开除党籍5年后 原水城县长再被查凯特王妃现身!外出购物视频曝光初中生遭15人围殴自卫刺伤3人判无罪事业单位女子向同事水杯投不明物质男子被流浪猫绊倒 投喂者赔24万外国人感慨凌晨的中国很安全路边卖淀粉肠阿姨主动出示声明书胖东来员工每周单休无小长假王树国卸任西安交大校长 师生送别小米汽车超级工厂正式揭幕黑马情侣提车了妈妈回应孩子在校撞护栏坠楼校方回应护栏损坏小学生课间坠楼房客欠租失踪 房东直发愁专家建议不必谈骨泥色变老人退休金被冒领16年 金额超20万西藏招商引资投资者子女可当地高考特朗普无法缴纳4.54亿美元罚金浙江一高校内汽车冲撞行人 多人受伤
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[1] Roeder R G 2019 Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. 26 783 Google Scholar
[2] Jonkers I, Lis J T 2015 Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell. Biol. 16 167 Google Scholar
[3] Abbondanzieri E A, Greenleaf W J, Shaevitz J W, Landick R, Block S M 2005 Nature 438 460 Google Scholar
[4] You L, Omollo E O, Yu C, Mooney R A, Shi J, Shen L, Wu X, Wen A, He D, Zeng Y, Feng Y, Landick R, Zhang Y 2023 Nature 613 783 Google Scholar
[5] Molodtsov V, Wang C, Firlar E, Kaelber J T, Ebright R H 2023 Nature 614 367 Google Scholar
[6] West S, Gromak N, Proudfoot N J 2004 Nature 432 522 Google Scholar
[7] Porrua O, Libri D 2013 Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. 20 884 Google Scholar
[8] Wang S, Han Z, Libri D, Porrua O, Strick T R 2019 Nat. Commun. 10 1545 Google Scholar
[9] Vasiljeva L, Kim M, Mutschler H, Buratowski S, Meinhart A 2008 Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. 15 795 Google Scholar
[10] Arndt K M, Reines D 2015 Annu. Rev. Biochem. 84 381 Google Scholar
[11] Rondón A G, Mischo H E, Kawauchi J, Proudfoot N J 2009 Mol. Cell. 36 88 Google Scholar
[12] Jia X, Li Y, Wang T, Bi L, Guo L, Chen Z, Zhang X, Ye S, Chen J, Yang B, Sun B 2023 Embo. J. 42 e111703 Google Scholar
[13] Saper G, Hess H 2020 Chem. Rev. 120 288 Google Scholar
[14] Nishizaka T 2010 Adv. Biochem. Eng. Biotechnol. 119 3 Google Scholar
[15] Martin-Tumasz S, Brow D A 2015 J. Biol. Chem. 290 22880 Google Scholar
[16] Han Z, Libri D, Porrua O 2017 Nucleic. Acids. Res. 45 1355 Google Scholar
[17] Skourti-Stathaki K, Proudfoot N J, Gromak N 2011 Mol. Cell. 42 794 Google Scholar
[18] Ha T, Enderle T, Ogletree D F, Chemla D S, Selvin P R, Weiss S 1996 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93 6264 Google Scholar
[19] Maki A H, Co T 1976 Biochemistry 15 1229 Google Scholar
[20] Leonaitė B, Han Z, Basquin J, Bonneau F, Libri D, Porrua O, Conti E 2017 Embo. J. 36 1590 Google Scholar
[21] Shi J, Wang F, Li F, Wang L, Xiong Y, Wen A, Jin Y, Jin S, Gao F, Feng Z, Li J, Zhang Y, Shang Z, Wang S, Feng Y, Lin W 2022 Nucleic. Acids. Res. 50 5974 Google Scholar
[22] Fiorini F, Bagchi D, Le Hir H, Croquette V 2015 Nat. Commun. 6 7581 Google Scholar
[23] Chakrabarti S, Jayachandran U, Bonneau F, Fiorini F, Basquin C, Domcke S, Le Hir H, Conti E 2011 Mol. Cell. 41 693 Google Scholar
[24] Hazelbaker D Z, Marquardt S, Wlotzka W, Buratowski S 2013 Mol. Cell. 49 55 Google Scholar
目录
- 第72卷,第10期 - 2023年05月20日
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